Caramaschi, U. & Napoli, M.F., 2004. The Nomenclatural Status of the Synonyms of Hyla pardalis Spix, 1824, and the Taxonomic Position of Hyla biobeba Bokermann and Sazima, 1974 (Anura: Hylidae). Journal of Herpetology, 38(4):500-509.

Abstract: The nomenclatural status of the synonyms of Hyla pardalis Spix, 1824 is reevaluated, the synonymy of Hyla (Lophopus) corticalis Burmeister, 1856 is supported, and Hyla rubropunctata Lutz, 1973 (nomen nudum) is synonymized to the former. Hyla lundii Burmeister, 1856, previously in the synonymy of H. pardalis, is revalidated. Hyla pustulosa Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862, and Hyllela punctatissima Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862, previously synonyms of H. pardalis, are transferred to the synonymy of H. lundii. Hyla biobeba Bokermann and Sazima, 1974 is synonymized with H. lundii. Diagnoses and comparisons with the members of the Hyla boans species group are provided for H. pardalis and H. lundii, and their geographical distribution is realized. The type locality of H. pardalis is discussed and reallocated.

Napoli, M.F. & Caramaschi, U., 2004. Two new species of the Hyla circumdata group from Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil, with description of the advertisement call of H. ibitipoca (Anura, Hylidae). Copeia, 2004(3):534-545.

Hyla ahenea sp.nov.

Hyla feioi sp.nov.

Abstract: Two new species of the Hyla circumdata group are described from southeastern Brazil. The type localities of both species occur in the Atlantic Forest Domain. Hyla feioi sp. nov. is described from Serra do Ibitipoca, a regional designation within the Serra da Mantiqueira, and Hyla ahenea sp. nov. is described from Serra da Bocaina, a regional designation within the Serra do Mar. Descriptions of the tadpole, advertisement call, and information on natural history are provided for H. feioi sp. nov. The advertisement call of Hyla ibitipoca is described.

Resumo: Duas espécies inéditas do sudeste do Brasil pertencentes ao grupo de Hyla circumdata são descritas. As localidades-tipo de ambas as espécies estão localizadas no Domínio Tropical Atlântico. Hyla feioi sp. nov. é proveniente da Serra do Ibitipoca, designação regional da Serra da Mantiqueira, e Hyla ahenea sp. nov. é proveniente da Serra da Bocaina, designação regional da Serra do Mar. São fornecidas descrições do girino, canto de anúncio e informações da história natural de Hyla feioi sp. nov. É descrito o canto de anúncio de Hyla ibitipoca.

Nota completa: BRAZIL: BAHIA: Ipirá (12^o09’S, 39^o44’W). 328 m elev. 04 April 1995. Amphibian Collection, Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil (UFBA 050). Verified by Ulisses Caramaschi. This new record is the northernmost for the species, and extends its range 161.5 km northward from the type-locality, Maracás, Bahia, Brazil (13^o25'S, 40^o25’W, 964 m altitude) (Caramaschi. 1998. Amphibia-Reptilia 19:377-384). Only two other localities are known for this species, Poções, Bahia (14^o32’S, 40^o22’W), and Planalto Baiano, Bahia (14^o40’S, 40^o28’W).

Abstract. New species of the Hyla circumdata group from southern Bahia, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). A new species of the Hyla circumdata group is described from southern Bahia, Brazil, inhabiting Atlantic Rain Forests located in the Municipality of Una, and represents the northernmost distribution for the species group. The species is characterized by the medium size, dorsal ground color dark brown, without well marked transverse dark brown stripes, and absence of transverse dark brown bars on flanks and anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs. Natural history observations and description of advertisement call are provided.

Napoli, M.F. & Brandão, F., 2003. Eleutherodactylus paulodutrai (Paulo's Robber Frog). Herpetological Review, 34(2):2003.

Eleutherodactylus paulodutrai

Nota completa: BRAZIL: BAHIA: Municipality of Salvador, Ondina, Campus da Universidade Federal da Bahia (12^o58’S, 38^o30’W; 8m altitude). 24 May 2002. M. F. Napoli. Verified by Ulisses Caramaschi. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ 30410-30411). First record outside the type locality (Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Ilhéus, southeastern Bahia, 14^o47’S, 39^o02’W, 52 m altitude), and northernmost for the species. This new record extend range ca. 210 km northward. Specimens were collected at night, while calling in the leaf litter or on stems and small branches standing upright 60 cm from the ground.

Napoli, M.F., 2002. Hyla carvalhoi (Carvalho's tree frog). Herpetological Review, 33(3):2002.

Hyla carvalhoi

Nota completa: BRAZIL: RIO DE JANEIRO: Santa Maria Madalena, Parque Estadual do Desengano (21^o53'S, 41^o55'W). 1750 m elev. 30 June 1989. R. B. Pineschi. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ 16983). Verified by Ulisses Caramaschi. This is the first record outside the type-locality, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22^o24'S, 42^o57'W), and the northernmost for the species (aerial distance between the two localities ca. 110 km), both in Serra dos Órgãos, a regional designation for the Serra do Mar range.

Caramaschi, U.; Napoli, M.F. & Bernardes, A.T., 2001. Nova espécie do grupo de Hyla circumdata (Cope, 1870) do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro, (457):1-11.

Hyla ravida sp.nov.

Abstract: A new species of the Hyla circumdata group from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae). A new species of the Hyla circumdata group is described from Vereda Grande Biological Station, a private reserve in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by the presence of broad head, large tympanum, dorsal surfaces grayish brown in life, and small size. Hyla martinsi, H. langei, and H. ibitiguara were not considered members of the H. circumdata species group, mainly by differences in external morphology, color pattern, and osteological characters.

Napoli, M.F., 2001. Xenohyla truncata. Antipredator behavior. Herpetological Review, 32(1): 36-37.

Nota completa: Xenohyla truncata, a hylid treefrog from southeastern Brazil, inhabits terrestrial bromeliads in “restinga” environments (see Eiten 1992. Ann. Acad. Bras. Ci. 64, suppl. 1:35-65) .The first observation of defensive behavior in Xenohyla truncata was reported by Silva et al. (1987. Resumos XIV Congr. Bras. Zoologia:123). The authors reported X. truncata showed tanathosis when specimens fell on ground, but did not provide data about the posture adopted by the specimens. An adult X. truncata (Museu Nacional/Rio de Janeiro 23472) collected from a terrestrial bromeliad at Barra da Tijuca, city of Rio de Janeiro, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (ca. 22^o54'S, 43^o12'W), was carried to the laboratory to be photographed. Immediately upon being placed on a table, the specimen assumed a defensive behavior, stretching their hind limbs out, inflating the lungs and becoming motionless (Fig. 1). A similar posture was observed in Eleutherodactylus curtipes (Duellman and Trueb 1986. Biology of Amphibia. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. 670 pp.). Azevedo-Ramos (1995. Rev. Brasil. Biol. 55:45-47) observed a similar behavior in Hyla geographica (= H. semilineata) from Juréia, State of São Paulo, Brazil, although the outstretching of hind limbs was not as great and occurred primarily when the frog was held by its head. This observation supports the hypothesis of Azevedo-Ramos (op. cit.) that the outstretched limbs, accompanied by the inflation of the lungs may prevent or inhabit the ingestion of the prey. The outstretched hind limbs associated with immobility in X. truncata may be a hard-to-ingest-prey posture in a stress situation or a disruptive posture that breaks the outline of the frog in the case of visual oriented predators (Azevedo-Ramos, op. cit.; Sazima 1978. Biotropica 10:158).